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Treatments For ADD – Drugs and Counselling Treatment options for ADD include counselling and drugs. It is important to try both to determine which one is more effective. People with classic ADD tend to be inattentional and unorganized, aswell as hyperactive. They have a low blood flow to their prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia and thalamus. They also have low dopamine levels. Treatment typically involves increasing dopamine levels. Stimulants Stimulants speed up the body's systems. They are legally available as prescription drugs, such as amphetamines (Adder-all and Dexedrine) and methylphenidates (Concerta and Ritalin) and diet aids like Didrex, Bontril and Fastin; and illegally used often in combination with other substances, like methcathinone and cocaine (crack). They can be taken as pills, syrups or liquids, or patches which are placed on the skin. They increase the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain's synapses, improving concentration. They also reduce impulsivity, hyperactivity and help improve working memory. These are the most common medication prescribed to people suffering from ADHD. They can cause adverse effects like a decrease in appetite or difficulties sleeping, as well as an increase in blood pressure or heart rate. They may interact with certain medications and medical conditions. It is important to speak to your doctor about any concerns. The use of medications can help reduce ADHD symptoms in around 70% to 80% of people who use them. Different people respond in a different way to the medication, and the effects might not last long. Certain people find that stimulants don't work for them or they don't like the side effects. In this instance doctors may prescribe nonstimulant medication. These medications aren't as efficient as stimulants but they can aid in improving attention, focus and control of impulses. Doctors may prescribe them along with stimulants to increase their effectiveness. Nonstimulant medications take longer to start working, and they don't act as fast. They don't increase dopamine levels and have a different impact on neurotransmitters. Examples include Atomoxetine (clonidine) and guanfacine and clonidine. The most common adverse effect of these drugs is the feeling of drowsiness. However the drowsiness can be decreased by increasing the dosage or taking them at bedtime. The drowsiness should diminish within a few weeks after starting treatment. Antidepressants Most antidepressants change chemicals in the brain, called neurotransmitters. They are classified based on the way they affect these neurotransmitters, with each group having medications that perform in slightly different ways. These include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), atypical antidepressants, tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). A doctor might recommend one of these groups in order to alleviate anxiety and depression symptoms. These medicines may not provide immediate relief, as it could take several weeks before you can feel the full benefits. Your doctor and you will decide which medication works best for you. They may combine two antidepressants or add other medicines to improve the effectiveness of your treatment. This is called augmenting. The most common augmentation medications are aripiprazole (Abilify) and quetiapine (Seroquel) and lithium (Lithobid). Antidepressants may have a variety of side effects. It is important to discuss these adverse effects with your doctor, as they may interfere with your daily activities. These effects can be mild or serious depending on the kind of antidepressant that you are taking. Tell your doctor if you're taking any other medications, such as herbal remedies and over-the-counter drugs like St. John's Wort. SSRIs are the most frequently prescribed antidepressants and are known to have fewer side-effects than other antidepressants. SSRIs are fluoxetine (Prozac) as well as paraxetine (Paxil and Pexeva) as well as sertraline (Zoloft). SNRIs boost levels of serotonin as well as norepinephrine levels in the brain. This is the reason SNRIs are regarded as more efficient than SSRIs. They also have longer half-lifes than SSRIs and are less likely to interact with other medications. SNRIs include duloxetine (Cymbalta), and venlafaxine, (Effexor). Atypical antidepressants can be used to boost energy levels and make you feel more alert. They could be helpful for those suffering from anxiety or insomnia that is very severe. They include bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban) and mirtazapine (Remeron). These medications can cause jitteriness, insomnia or drowsiness, but they can be useful for many people with depression, ADHD and anxiety. These drugs are also used to treat bulimia, and to assist smokers in quitting. Cognitive therapy for behavioural issues Cognitive behavioral therapy is a tried and true treatment for mental disorders. It is based upon the notion that feelings and thoughts are interconnected and can be altered. CBT is a goal-oriented, short-term process that can teach you new methods to deal with problems and bad habits. It can be used to treat depression, bipolar disorder, and anxiety. CBT aims to transform unhelpful thoughts and feelings into positive emotions or behaviors. It is a combination of two therapies which are cognitive therapy and behavioral therapy. It's a kind of psychotherapy that is often short-term and is able to be carried out in a group or an individual setting. A therapist will teach you different techniques, and you'll practice them in your daily routine. These techniques include: learning to recognize negative thoughts and meditative practices; and keeping journals. A Therapist can also help you identify negative thoughts that cause you to take on a negative behavior and teach you how to change your beliefs. They will also help you learn how to deal with problems in your daily routine. CBT therapists will also encourage you to develop SMART goals (specific goals that are measurable, achievable relevant, time-based, and relevant) to make it easier to track your progress. While each form of CBT employs a distinct approach, all cognitive behavior therapies focus on identifying and modifying the fundamental thoughts that cause emotional distress. The therapists use different techniques but they are all based on the principle of operant and classic conditioning which involves the association of stimuli with their effects. During treatment you will be rewarded for completing tasks. Additionally, treatment for adult adhd will be punished if you fail to complete the task. In the initial few sessions the therapist will help you identify the problem behaviors and replace them with healthy ones. They might also assign homework to help you develop the abilities. Based on the nature of your condition it could take up to 6-20 one-onone sessions. CBT is effective in treating a wide range of disorders, including anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic disorder (PTSD). It can also be effective in treating adult ADHD, a condition that can affect people as young as seven. Counseling Counselling is a type of psychotherapy that involves regular, scheduled meetings with an counselor (counsellor) to discuss your issues. Usually these sessions last for about 50 minutes. They may be face-to-face in groups, or via the phone. Counselling can aid people suffering from a range of mental health issues, including schizophrenia, depression and bipolar disorder. It can also be used to discuss family, friendship, and relationship issues, and also work-related issues. A counselor will listen attentively to your issues and provide an objective viewpoint. They can identify patterns of behavior and suggest ways to change them. They can also teach you strategies and coping strategies to manage stress, anxiety or depression. They can help you adjust to major life changes like divorce or the loss of a loved one. They can also teach you how to deal with addictions and chronic illnesses. Some counsellors charge fees for their services, whereas others are covered by Medicare rebates in the event that you have a mental health care plan from your doctor.